Ubwonko ni igice cy’urwungano rw’imyakura rworohereye cyane, rwangirika ubusa, kandi rushobora kwangizwa na byinshi.
Ubwonko kandi ni rwo rugingo rusobetse cyane, ndetse ruruhije gusobanukirwa mu mikorere yarwo kuko bugizwe n’ingirangingo fatizo zigera kuri miliyari ijana(100.000.000.000).
Kuva mu isamwa kugera umwana avutse, ubwonko burirema bukagera ku ngirangingo miliyari ijana, gusa ziba zitarakomera kandi zitegeranye ugereranyije n’izumuntu mukuru.
Impuguke muby’imikorere y’ubwoko zivuga ko 90% y’ubwonko bw’umwana bukura mu myaka itanu nyuma yo kwirema, ariko byose bigaterwa n’uburyo umwana yitaweho yaba akiri mu nda ya nyina na nyuma yo kuvuka.
Ubwonko bw’umwana bwiyubaka mu myaka itanu ya mbere
Iyo umubyeyi yagize ibibazo atwite, nko kutitabwaho, guhangayika, cyangwa guhohoterwa , bituma za ngirangingo z’ubwonko bw’umwana zitabasha kwirema neza, gukanguka no kwegerana, ari naho usanga umwana yaravukanye ibibazo bitandukanye rimwe na rimwe binamuviramo kugwingira cyangwa ugasanga ibintu akora ntaho bihuriye n’uko yagakwiye kuba yitwara.
Ku myaka ine, umwana aba ashobora kwikorera ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, birimo kwiyambika imyenda itagoranye, gufungura ibifungo by’umwenda we, no kwijyana ku bwiherero.
Umwana w’imyaka itanu witaweho neza, ingirangingo z’ubwonko bwe ziba zegeranye kandi zikangutse, mu gihe umwana utaritaweho, ziba zitagaranye kandi kwegerana kwazo bikagorana kandi bigatinda.
Usanga azi ubwenge ku buryo aba abasha gukurikira amasomo, akamenya kwandika no gusoma inyuguti, kandi akamenya no gutandukanya amabara n’ibindi bisaba gutekerezaho.
Uyu mwana kandi amenya kugenzura ibyiyumviro bye, akabasha kuvugana no gukina n’abandi, agakumbura bagenzi be, akifuza no kujya kubasura, ndetse akamenya n’inzira imujyana ikanamugarura. Akunda kuba yigenga, yubaha, yikunda kandi akunda kwitabwaho.
Ku myaka itandatu, umwana aba ashobora gukina imikino isaba imbaraga, kubyina no kurushanwa, kuko akenshi aba yaranatangiye ishuri.
Ku myaka icumi, ubwonko bw’umwana buba bwikubye kabiri ubw’umuntu mukuru mu kwiga no gufata ibintu bishya, gusa iyo yagwingiye ubwonko bwe butinda gukora neza.
Ku myaka icumi ubwonko bw’umwana buba bwikubye kabiri ubw’umuntu mukuru mu gufata ibintu bishya
Nyuma y’iyi myaka, nibwo ingirangingo z’ubwonko zitangira kugabanuka hagasigara izikenewe cyane, izidakoreshwa cyane zigatangira gusaza no kuvaho kugeza umuntu ashaje.
Abana batagaragaza buriya bushobozi kuri kiriya kiciro cy’imyaka, ngo baba bafite ibibazo bavukanye, kugwingira cyangwa ubundi burwayi. Aha, bakaba bagirwa inama yo kujya kwa muganga bagahabwa ubufasha aho bikenewe.
Umwana wavukanye ibiro bike, ngo no mu ishuri ntiwamugereranya n’uwavukanye ibiro bihagije, kuko imirire cyangwa imibereho mibi ya nyina atwite n’imyaka ya mbere y’umwana bigabanya imikurire, ubushobozi n’imikorere y’ubwonko bwe.
Imirire mibi ubwayo, igabanya imikorere y’ubwonko ku kigero kiri hagati ya 5 na 11%, ariko na none iki gipimo kikazamuka ku kigero kiri hagati ya 10 na 15% iyo umwana abuze umunyu ngugu wa “Iode” iboneka mu biribwa bitandukanye nk’amafi, umuhondo w’igi, imboga n’ibindi.
Amaraso macye nayo agabanya ubu bushobozi ku kigero cya 9.5% mu gihe kutonka bihagije bibugabanya ku kigero cya 4.5%, bivuga ko nyina aba agomba kwiyitaho nawe akamwitaho, kuva atwite na nyuma yo kubyara kugira ngo amurinde ibi bibazo byose.
Imikurire y’ubwonko bw’umwana mu byiciro bitandukanye
Ibyiciro by’imikurire y’umwana birunganirana kandi bikungikanya, kuko usanga iyo kimwe kidindiye kidindiza n’ibindi
Gufata neza ubwonko ahanini hibandwa ku kuburinda ibibwangiza no kubugabirira neza hifashishijwe amafunguro atandukanye, ni kimwe mu bituma umuntu abasha kubaho neza kandi igihe kirekire.
Eric Uwimbabazi
